[Current Status and Prospects of the Comprehensive Cancer Genome Profiling]

In June 2019, 2 comprehensive cancer genome profiling(CGP)tests were approved with reimbursement, and are now available at designated hospitals stratified to 3 layers on the basis of their roles. The reimbursement-approved CGP tests were restricted to patients with solid tumors that have progressed on standard chemotherapy, rare tumors, or tumors of unknown primary, and perform primary structure analysis of cancer genome on several hundred genes at a time using next generation sequencer. In tumor molecular board, appropriate treatments were recommended based on the interpretation made for results of CGP. Because 2 CGP tests differ functionally in terms of the sample requirements, the target gene sets, and items to be reported, results need to be evaluated carefully. Although the detection rate of genomic alterations in CGP tests is high, the number of cases lead to treatments consistent with genomic alterations is limited. Improving this ratio will be the key for Japanese precision oncology to meet the full potential of the CGP tests.