High Risk Thyroid Nodule Discrimination and Management by Modified TI-RADS

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Radiology
• Oncology

Background:

• Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy.
• Accurate differentiation of thyroid nodules is essential for appropriate patient management.
• The Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) is a standardized approach for thyroid nodule assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the modified TI-RADS system for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules.
• To assess the role of the modified TI-RADS system in managing high-risk thyroid nodules.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective study of 5,162 individuals undergoing thyroid ultrasound using modified TI-RADS.
• 5-year follow-up period for data collection and analysis.
• Investigation and review of medical data for nodule characteristics and outcomes.

Main Results:

• Overall thyroid nodule detection rate was 39.40%, with a thyroid cancer detection rate of 0.66%.
• Most thyroid cancers were early-stage, unilateral, and without lymph node metastasis.
• Modified TI-RADS grades 4a and above showed more changes over 5 years, correlating with malignant progression; the system guided treatment decisions.

Conclusions:

• The modified TI-RADS report system is vital for identifying and managing both benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
• It provides valuable guidance for clinical decision-making in thyroid nodule management.