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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Emergency Undocking in Robotic Surgery: A Simulation Curriculum
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Barriers to safety and efficiency in robotic surgery docking.

Lucy Cofran1, Tara Cohen2, Myrtede Alfred1

  • 1Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.

Surgical Endoscopy
|January 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

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Flow disruptions (FDs) during robotic assisted surgery (RAS) docking are common, particularly in room setup and robot maneuvering. Identifying these issues can improve operating room efficiency and patient safety.

Area of Science:

  • Surgical Technology
  • Patient Safety
  • Healthcare Operations

Background:

  • Introduction of new technology in the operating room (OR) presents challenges for staff.
  • Flow disruptions (FDs) reveal system problems in healthcare delivery.
  • Robotic assisted surgery (RAS) docking is a complex phase requiring careful management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore variations in FDs across clinical sites and procedures.
  • To examine the sources of FDs during RAS docking.
  • To identify areas for improving high-technology surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Trained observers recorded FDs during 45 procedures at three hospitals.
  • Compared FD rates across surgical phases, sites, and procedure types.
Keywords:
Flow disruptionsHuman factorsRoboticsSafetySurgeryTeamwork

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  • Analyzed RAS docking workflow to pinpoint disrupted steps.

    • Main Results:

    • RAS docking showed significantly more FDs than other phases.
    • No significant effect of hospital site on FD rates was observed.
    • Room organization, supply retrieval, patient positioning, and robot maneuvering were key challenge areas.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct observation of surgical procedures identifies areas for improvement.
    • Enhancing OR technology design, procedures, and staff training can improve safety and efficiency.
    • Optimizing the OR environment is crucial for high-technology surgery teamwork.