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Updated: Nov 20, 2025
Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Published on: May 17, 2024
Two-Stage, Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction: Standardized Technique and Outcomes Analysis During First Stage to
Pallavi Archana Kumbla1, Shivani Ananthasekar2, Brad David Denney1
1From the Division of Plastics, Department of Surgery.
Goals:
Prepectoral breast reconstruction is seeing a resurgence in popularity as advances in breast oncology and breast reconstruction continue to occur. This study seeks to describe a simple, reproducible method for prepectoral breast reconstruction and analyzes patient demographics and outcomes after the first stage of prepectoral breast reconstruction.
Methods:
After institutional review board approval was obtained, a retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients who underwent 2-stage prepectoral reconstruction by the senior author from January 2019 to February 2020. Patient demographics including body mass index, nicotine use, diabetes mellitus, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and adjuvant radiation were analyzed. Type of mastectomy (nipple vs skin sparing), unilateral versus bilateral reconstruction, and use of intraoperative angiography were also assessed. Complications including excision of ischemic skin, delayed mastectomy flap ischemia, seroma, hematoma, axillary cellulitis, expander infection, and reconstructive failure were analyzed. χ2 Analysis was used to identify any association between the above demographics and infection, and P values were generated with a statistical significance being denoted by a P < 0.05.
Results:
One hundred five breast reconstructions were included in this study. A statistically significant association was found between nicotine use, diabetes mellitus, excision of ischemic skin, and expander infection. No significant association was found between other demographics and infection risk. Expander infection occurred in 2.86% of all reconstructions with an overall reconstructive failure rate of 2.86%.
Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that our technique is reproducible and can be used for all types of mastectomies and incisions. Our data analysis demonstrates that this is a reliable method of breast reconstruction if performed correctly in the properly selected patient. Future studies will assess outcomes following the second stage of reconstruction.
