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A Structured Approach to Extubation in Mechanically Ventilated Rats
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A Structured Approach to Extubation in Mechanically Ventilated Rats

Published on: July 18, 2025

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Factors associated with extubation failure in very low birth weight infants: a cohort study in the northeast Brazil

Raphaela Farias Teixeira1,2,3, Cinthia Maria Costa3, Catarina Maria de Abreu2

  • 1Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.

Journal of Perinatal Medicine
|January 20, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Extremely low birth weight infants with prolonged ventilation, vaginal delivery, or maternal chorioamnionitis face higher extubation failure risks. This failure is linked to increased BPD and longer hospital stays for neonates.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Intensive Care
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Clinical Neonatology

Background:

  • Extubation failure in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants poses significant challenges.
  • Identifying predictive factors is crucial for optimizing extubation strategies and improving infant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key risk factors associated with extubation failure in VLBW infants.
  • To inform the development of refined extubation criteria in neonatal intensive care.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving VLBW infants undergoing their first extubation was conducted.
  • Extubation failure was defined as reintubation within seven days.
  • Robust Poisson regression was used to estimate relative risks of predictive variables.

Main Results:

  • Extremely low birth weight, mechanical ventilation duration >7 days, vaginal delivery, and maternal chorioamnionitis were independently associated with extubation failure.
  • Infants experiencing extubation failure required more respiratory support and oxygen therapy.
  • Higher incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and longer hospital stays were observed in the failure group.

Conclusions:

  • Specific factors like extreme prematurity, prolonged ventilation, and maternal conditions increase extubation failure risk in VLBW infants.
  • Extubation failure negatively impacts infant outcomes, leading to increased BPD and extended hospitalization.
  • Understanding these risk factors is vital for improving neonatal respiratory care and weaning protocols.
Abstract

Keywords:
airway extubationcritical care outcomesrespiration artificialrisk factorsvery low birth weight infant

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