Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 20, 2025
07:53
Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression
Published on: March 17, 2020
7.4K
Assessing Lung Cancer Absolute Risk Trajectory Based on a Polygenic Risk Model
Rayjean J Hung1,2, Matthew T Warkentin3,2, Yonathan Brhane3
1Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada. rayjean.hung@lunenfeld.ca.
Cancer Research
|January 21, 2021
Summary
Genetics can significantly impact lung cancer risk. A polygenic risk score (PRS) may help personalize lung cancer screening timing, improving early detection efficiency for individuals.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genetics
- Public Health
Background:
- Lung cancer is a leading global cause of cancer mortality.
- Current low-dose CT (LDCT) screening efficiency can be improved with better risk stratification.
- Individual genetic background's role in lung cancer risk stratification for LDCT screening requires further assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the clinical utility of an individual's genetic background for risk stratification in lung cancer LDCT screening.
- To develop and validate a polygenic risk score (PRS) for lung cancer risk.
- To determine if PRS can inform optimal LDCT screening strategies.
Main Methods:
- A polygenic risk score (PRS) was constructed using data from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (13,119 cases, 10,008 controls).
- PRS performance was validated using UK Biobank data (N = 335,931), assessing calibration and discrimination.
- Simulations in the National Lung Screening Trial (N = 50,772) evaluated PRS clinical utility and impact on LDCT screening recommendations.
Main Results:
- Individuals in the top PRS decile had significantly higher lung cancer odds ratios (ORs) compared to the bottom decile (OR = 2.39).
- Each standard deviation (SD) increase in PRS was associated with a 1.26-fold increase in overall lung cancer risk.
- PRS, combined with smoking status and family history, demonstrated differential 5-year and cumulative absolute lung cancer risks, potentially altering LDCT screening age recommendations by 4-8 years.
Conclusions:
- An individual's genetic background, as captured by PRS, is a significant factor in lung cancer risk.
- Integrating PRS into risk models can enhance lung cancer risk stratification for LDCT screening.
- Genetic information may personalize LDCT screening timing, improving efficiency and potentially leading to earlier detection.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:12Relative Risk
1.2K
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
1.2K
02:59Cancer Prevention
7.2K
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
7.2K
01:18Polygenic Traits
67.8K
When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
67.8K
01:25Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data
720
Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:
720
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
266
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
266
01:21Cancer Survival Analysis
526
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
526