Changes in early intestinal flora and Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell mediated destruction of pancreatic B cells, absolute deficiency in insulin, and hyperglycemia. The incidence of T1D is increased sharply after the middle of the 20th century, suggesting that the environmental factors affect the occurrence and development of T1D. The diversity of human intestinal flora forms early in life and tends to stabilize around age 3. Early intestinal flora is in a dynamic process of change and is closely related to the maturation of the immune system, suggesting that early environmental exposure may be involved in the development of T1D. A variety of factors such as antibiotics and cesarean section can affect the colonization of early intestinal flora. To clarify the influence of these factors on early intestinal flora and its association with T1D, it is necessary to understand the pathogenesis of T1D and to provide an effective means for the primary prevention of T1D.