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Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Laboratory Protocol for Genetic Gut Content Analyses of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Using Group-specific rDNA Primers
Published on: October 5, 2017
Repurposing of archived CO1 sequence data reveals unusually high genetic structure between North American and
Andrew A David1, Kendall Gardner1
1Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA.
Abstract:
The invasion of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha in the Great Lakes of North America is regarded as one of the most catastrophic ecological events in recent history. Previous studies showed a close kinship between European zebra mussels and their invasive cohorts in the Great Lakes. In this study, we repurposed and reanalyzed archived CO1 sequence data from Lake Superior and multiple sites in Europe that were collected between 1991 and 2011 to illustrate an interesting pattern of genetic isolation that was overlooked in previous studies. The results showed extreme genetic isolation of Lake Superior zebra mussels as evident by high ϕST values and strong geographic patterning of Lake Superior haplotypes.
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