Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Optimization of the Retinal Vein Occlusion Mouse Model to Limit Variability

Optimization of the Retinal Vein Occlusion Mouse Model to Limit Variability

Published on: August 6, 2021

Time course of collateral vessel formation after retinal vein occlusion visualized by OCTA and elucidation of factors

Hajime Takahashi¹, Kazuki Nakagawa¹, Haruhiko Yamada¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.

|January 21, 2021

Abstract

Background:

It is clinically recognized that collateral vessels can form after retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in some cases and these vessels can lead to spontaneous recovery of the pathological condition. In recent years, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has become a decisive clinical instrument. Unlike previous angiography tests, OCTA enables the non-invasive visualization of fundus vasculature without the need for administration of a contrast agent. However, it remains to be determined if OCTA depicts the 'true' histological status as several studies have reported artifacts in OCTA imaging.

Methods:

We generated a laser-induced mouse RVO model, and evaluated the subsequent formation of collateral vessels in order to understand the mechanisms by which collateral vessels form using OCTA imaging, as well as molecular and histological assessments.

Results:

We succeeded in visualizing the time course of collateral vessel formation in a mouse RVO model and confirmed the similarity in formation of collateral vessels only within the deep layer of the retina in both human and mouse. We hypothesized that sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) may play important roles via vascular shear stress linking vein occlusion and collateral vessel formation. Results from OCTA revealed that collateral vessels are increased in response to administration of a S1PR1 agonist in a mouse RVO model. Based on quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), S1PR1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in the whole retina peaked 6 h after photocoagulation in this model. Immunohistochemical staining of retinal flat mounts revealed that S1PR1 staining occurred along the laser-occluded blood vessels.

Conclusion:

We observed the temporal process of collateral vessel formation in a mouse RVO model and identified the relationship between S1PR1 and shear stress as one of the factors in collateral vessel formation in RVO.

Keywords:

Collateral vessels OCTA RVO

More Related Videos

In Vivo Vascular Injury Readouts in Mouse Retina to Promote Reproducibility

In Vivo Vascular Injury Readouts in Mouse Retina to Promote Reproducibility

Published on: April 21, 2022

In Vivo Multimodal Imaging and Analysis of Mouse Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Model

In Vivo Multimodal Imaging and Analysis of Mouse Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Model

Published on: January 21, 2018

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.

Formation of the Platelet Plug

Formation of the Platelet Plug

The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...

Development of Blood Vessels

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Prevalence, genomic diversity, and invasion potential of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat seafood products distributed in Japan.

International journal of food microbiology·2026

Roasting enhances antioxidant, anti-glycation, and gut microbiota-modulating activities of burdock root tea in mice fed a high-sucrose, low-fibre diet.

Journal of the science of food and agriculture·2026

Effect of ruminally protected lysine on growth and nitrogen balance of grain-finished beef cattle fed diets of decreasing protein concentration.

Translational animal science·2026

Real-world outcomes after switching to faricimab in treatment-resistant diabetic macular edema: A 1-year observational study with choroidal thickness assessment.

PloS one·2026

Comparative One-Year Outcomes of T-Hook®-Versus Kahook Dual Blade®-Assisted Ab Interno Trabeculotomy Combined with Phacoemulsification for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Evaluation of selective enrichment media for accurate most probable number enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat seafood products.

Journal of microbiological methods·2026

See all related articles