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Demographic predictors of hospitalization and mortality in US children with COVID-19

Alvaro Moreira1, Kevin Chorath2, Karthik Rajasekaran2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7702 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA. MoreiraA@uthscsa.edu.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|January 21, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children with underlying medical conditions or of African American/mixed race are at higher risk for COVID-19 hospitalization. Comorbidities are the biggest risk factor for pediatric COVID-19 death.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Understanding risk factors for severe COVID-19 in children is crucial.
  • Previous studies indicate demographic factors influence pediatric COVID-19 outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify predictors of COVID-19 hospitalization and in-hospital death in US children.
  • To analyze the impact of underlying medical conditions and race/ethnicity on pediatric COVID-19 outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Linked US Center for Disease Control and Prevention pediatric population data with COVID-19 hospitalization and death records.
  • Analyzed data from 27,045 US children with confirmed COVID-19.
  • Utilized statistical analysis to determine predictors of hospitalization and death.

Main Results:

  • African American (OR 2.28) or mixed-race (OR 2.95) children and those with underlying medical conditions (OR 3.55) showed increased risk for hospitalization.
  • In-hospital death occurred in 0.19% of hospitalized children.
  • Children with prior medical conditions had a significantly higher odd of death (OR 8.8).

Conclusions:

  • While rare, COVID-19 hospitalization and death in children are more likely in those with underlying medical conditions and of African American descent.
  • Underlying medical conditions are a stronger predictor of in-hospital death than age, gender, or race/ethnicity in pediatric COVID-19 cases.

Keywords:
COVID-19COVID-NETChildrenPediatricSARS-CoV-2

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