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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

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Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model
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Gender Differences in Osteoporosis: A Single-Center Observational Study.

Massimo De Martinis1,2, Maria Maddalena Sirufo1,3, Matteo Polsinelli4

  • 1Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.

The World Journal of Men'S Health
|January 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Men are significantly under-screened for osteoporosis, despite a higher fracture prevalence. This study highlights gender disparities in osteoporosis screening and diagnosis, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and evaluation in men.

Keywords:
AgingBoneBone densityGenderMenOsteoporosis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Geriatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Osteoporosis affects over 200 million globally, with increasing prevalence due to aging populations.
  • While women are at higher risk, osteoporosis is a significant concern for men, yet remains understudied, underdiagnosed, and undertreated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender disparities in osteoporosis screening.
  • To identify differences in clinical presentation and risk factors between men and women diagnosed with osteoporosis.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study of patients admitted to an Outpatient Osteoporosis Diagnosis Service over three years.
  • Assessment included clinical and laboratory evaluations, bone mineral density (BMD) measurements via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and evaluation of bone turnover serum markers stratified by gender.

Main Results:

  • Out of 2,376 eligible patients, 94.5% were women and 5.4% were men.
  • Women had lower BMD (T-score: -2.33±1.14 vs. -1.31±1.55), but men had a higher fracture prevalence (50% vs. 31%) and hip fracture risk.
  • Secondary osteoporosis was more common in men (66.67%) than women (20.83%).

Conclusions:

  • Men are under-screened for osteoporosis.
  • Men exhibit secondary osteoporosis more frequently than women.
  • The findings underscore the need for improved osteoporosis screening and management strategies for men.