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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

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Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
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Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
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[Olfactory dysfunction and COVID-19 - current state of the problem].

L S Karapetyan1, V M Svistushkin1

  • 1I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

Vestnik Otorinolaringologii
|January 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sudden loss of smell (anosmia) affects 17-87% of COVID-19 patients and can be the only symptom. Including anosmia in self-isolation criteria can help prevent virus spread and protect healthcare workers.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV2anosmiacoronavirusdysgeusiahyposmiaolfactory disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • A significant percentage of patients with confirmed COVID-19 experience smell and taste dysfunction.
  • Hypo/anosmia can be an early or sole indicator of mild COVID-19.
  • This symptom poses a risk of undetected transmission by asymptomatic carriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.
  • To highlight the potential role of anosmia in disease transmission.
  • To discuss the implications for public health and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on COVID-19 and olfactory disorders.
  • Analysis of reported prevalence data from various countries.
  • Discussion of proposed mechanisms for olfactory impairment.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of smell and taste impairment in COVID-19 ranges from 17% to 87%.
  • Acute anosmia can precede other respiratory symptoms.
  • Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 is likely perceptual, though exact mechanisms require further study.

Conclusions:

  • Anosmia is a key symptom of COVID-19 that warrants attention for transmission control.
  • Incorporating anosmia into self-isolation guidelines can mitigate spread.
  • Recognizing anosmia aids in protecting healthcare professionals through appropriate personal protective equipment.