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Menopause01:28

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
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Karen Horney's psychoanalytic theories emphasize the potential for self-realization and the importance of addressing social and cultural, rather than biological, factors in personality development. She challenged traditional Freudian views, particularly Freud's concept of "penis envy," which she argued stemmed from cultural influences rather than inherent biological differences. Horney believed that any sense of inferiority in women was a result of societal conditioning, such as...
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Menopause distress: A person centered definition.

Bharti Kalra1, Sanjay Kalra2, Saptarshi Bhattacharya3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|January 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

We introduce "menopause distress," an emotional response to menopause challenges. This concept helps differentiate menopause-related distress from other psychiatric conditions like depression and anxiety.

Keywords:
Anxiety, depression, estrogen, estropenia, menopausal hormonal therapy, MHT, mood disorders, patient centred

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Psychiatry
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Menopause presents significant biomedical and psychosocial challenges.
  • Existing psychiatric classifications may not fully capture menopause-specific distress.
  • A clear definition is needed to guide clinical practice and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and define the term 'menopause distress.'
  • To differentiate menopause distress from major depressive disorders and anxiety neurosis.
  • To outline the etiology, clinical features, and management of menopause distress.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual definition development.
  • Literature review on menopause and psychiatric conditions.
  • Comparative analysis with existing diagnostic criteria.

Main Results:

  • 'Menopause distress' is defined as persistent apprehension, discomfort, or dejection due to perceived inability to cope with menopause.
  • This distress is linked to biomedical and psychosocial aspects of menopause.
  • Distinction from major depressive disorders and anxiety neurosis is emphasized.

Conclusions:

  • 'Menopause distress' offers a specific framework for understanding menopause-related emotional responses.
  • Clinical differentiation is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
  • Further research is warranted to validate and refine the concept.