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Acute Immune Signatures and Their Legacies in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Infected Cancer

Sultan Abdul-Jawad1, Luca Baù2, Thanussuyah Alaguthurai3

  • 1School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.

Cancer Cell
|January 21, 2021
PubMed

Insights

SARS-CoV-2 significantly impacts solid cancer patients

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The immune system plays a crucial role in cancer surveillance and treatment.
  • Understanding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cancer patients' immune systems is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the immune profiles of cancer patients.
  • To compare immune responses in solid cancer patients versus hematological malignancy patients after SARS-CoV-2 exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of immune signatures in virus-exposed solid cancer patients.
  • Assessment of humoral responses and T-cell phenotypes in virus-exposed hematological malignancy patients.
  • Comparison of immunophenotypes between recovered and non-virus-exposed cancer patients.

Main Results:

  • Solid cancer patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2 showed immune signatures similar to non-cancer COVID-19 patients.
  • Hematological malignancy patients exhibited heterogeneous humoral responses, exhausted T-cells, and prolonged virus shedding.
  • Recovered solid cancer patients had immunophenotypes similar to non-exposed cancer patients, unlike recovered hematological cancer patients who showed lasting immune changes.

Conclusions:

  • Solid cancer patients, even with advanced disease, do not appear to be at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2-associated immune dysregulation compared to the general population.
  • Hematological cancer patients experience complex and persistent immunological consequences following SARS-CoV-2 exposure, necessitating tailored clinical care strategies.
Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2antibodiescancerhemato-oncologicalimmuneseroconversionvaccinevirus shedding

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