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Updated: Nov 20, 2025

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
Published on: August 11, 2008
Psychometric evaluation of a new drug-resistant tuberculosis stigma scale
Lisa Redwood1, Ellen M H Mitchell2, Thu Anh Nguyen1
1The University of Sydney Central Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, 92-95 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia; The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Apartment 203, Building 2G, Van Phuc Diplomatic Compound 298 Kim Ma Street Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Objectives:
Stigma contributes to diagnostic delay, disease concealment, and reduced wellbeing for people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and their communities. Despite the negative effects of stigma, there are no scales to measure stigma in people with MDR-TB. This study aimed to develop and validate a scale to measure stigma in people affected by MDR-TB in Vietnam.
Study Design And Setting:
People with rifampicin-resistant (RR)-MDR-TB who had completed at least 3 months of treatment were invited to complete a survey containing 45 draft stigma items. Data analysis included exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, content, criterion and construct validity, and test-retest reliability.
Results:
A total of 315 people with RR/MDR-TB completed the survey. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 14 item RR/MDR-TB stigma scale with four subscales, including guilt, social exclusion, physical isolation, and blame. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.76, ICC = 0.92). Construct validity was adequate with moderate correlations with related constructs.
Conclusion:
Our RR/MDR-TB Scale demonstrated good psychometric properties in Vietnam. This scale will assist in the measurement of stigma in people with RR/MDR-TB. It will also aid in the evaluation of stigma reduction interventions in people with RR/MDR-TB.
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