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Outcomes associated with scheduling or up-scheduling controlled substances.
Jonathan P Caulkins1, Laura A Goyeneche1, Lingrong Guo1
1Carnegie Mellon University, Heinz College, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
The International Journal on Drug Policy
|January 21, 2021
Summary
Drug scheduling and rescheduling can significantly impact substance use, often leading to declines in the targeted drug
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Public Health Policy
- Drug Control
Background:
- Nations classify drugs into schedules based on abuse risk and medical value, with varying restrictions.
- Drug rescheduling or initial scheduling aims to prevent diversion or abuse.
- Previous efforts have not synthesized lessons from diverse drug scheduling events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the effects of drug scheduling and rescheduling events.
- To identify patterns and outcomes associated with changes in drug control policies.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a systematic search for peer-reviewed evaluations of drug (re-)scheduling in the U.S. post-1969 and internationally.
- Included 109 articles from the search and 30 supplementary articles.
- Analyzed diverse outcomes and measures over different timelines.
Main Results:
- Standardization of outcomes was challenging due to diverse reporting measures.
- Over half of evaluated events showed declines in use-related measures by at least 40%.
- Substitution to other substances (sometimes more dangerous) was frequently observed, though partial.
Conclusions:
- Drug scheduling and up-scheduling can yield substantial effects on various outcomes.
- Substitution to alternative substances is a common consequence and requires anticipation in policy-making.
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