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The Phosphorus Cycle

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.

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Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment

Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment

Published on: July 22, 2019

Modification and Validation of the Phosphate Removal Model: A Multicenter Study.

Weichen Zhang¹, Qiuna Du², Jing Xiao³

¹Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Kidney & Blood Pressure Research

|January 21, 2021

Summary

A new model accurately estimates phosphate removal during hemodialysis (HD) and hemodiafiltration (HDF) treatments. This tool aids in managing phosphate balance and hyperphosphatemia therapy.

Keywords:

Hemodialysis Hyperphosphatemia Model modification Phosphate removal

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Last Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment

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Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Renal Replacement Therapy
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Previous noninvasive model estimated phosphate removal in 4-hour hemodialysis (HD).
Need to modify and validate a new model for both HD and hemodiafiltration (HDF).

Purpose of the Study:

To modify and validate an improved noninvasive model for estimating phosphate removal.
To assess the model's accuracy in both HD and HDF treatments.

Main Methods:

109 HD patients from 3 centers were enrolled.
Phosphate removal calculated using area under the dialysate phosphate concentration curve.
Second-order multivariable polynomial regression used for model modification, incorporating dialyzer phosphate clearance.

Main Results:

Phosphate removal was comparable between 4-h HD (19.06 ± 8.12 mmol) and HDF (17.38 ± 6.75 mmol).
The modified model formula: Tpo4 = 80.3 × C45 - 0.024 × age + 0.07 × weight + β × clearance - 8.14.
Internal and external validation showed the new model superior to the original, with smaller bias and higher accuracy.

Conclusions:

A new, validated model quantifies phosphate removal in 4-h HD and HDF (dialyzer surface area 1.3-1.8 m²).
This model supports phosphate balance evaluation and personalized hyperphosphatemia treatment.