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Retinal Organoid Induction System for Derivation of 3D Retinal Tissues from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Published on: April 12, 2021
Hereditary Optic Neuropathies: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based 2D/3D Approaches
Marta García-López1, Joaquín Arenas2,3, M Esther Gallardo1,3
1Grupo de Investigación Traslacional con Células iPS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
Abstract:
Inherited optic neuropathies share visual impairment due to the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) as the hallmark of the disease. This group of genetic disorders are caused by mutations in nuclear genes or in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). An impaired mitochondrial function is the underlying mechanism of these diseases. Currently, optic neuropathies lack an effective treatment, and the implementation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology would entail a huge step forward. The generation of iPSC-derived RGCs would allow faithfully modeling these disorders, and these RGCs would represent an appealing platform for drug screening as well, paving the way for a proper therapy. Here, we review the ongoing two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) approaches based on iPSCs and their applications, taking into account the more innovative technologies, which include tissue engineering or microfluidics.
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