Demystifying Cell Cycle Arrest by HIV-1 Vif
Daniel J Salamango1, Reuben S Harris2
1Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Trends in Microbiology
|January 22, 2021
Abstract:
Although APOBEC3 degradation is the canonical function of HIV-1 Vif, this viral protein also induces potent cell cycle arrest through a newly defined mechanism. Here, we review recent advances in this area and propose that the scope of this activity may go beyond subversion of the host cell cycle.
Insights
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vif protein, beyond degrading APOBEC3, triggers significant cell cycle arrest. This viral protein
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vif protein is primarily known for its role in degrading APOBEC3 proteins.
- A newly identified function of HIV-1 Vif is its ability to induce potent cell cycle arrest in host cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in understanding the mechanism of HIV-1 Vif-induced cell cycle arrest.
- To explore the broader implications of this Vif activity beyond host cell cycle subversion.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing scientific literature on HIV-1 Vif function and host cell cycle regulation.
- Analysis of recent experimental findings related to Vif's interaction with cellular machinery.
Main Results:
- HIV-1 Vif induces cell cycle arrest through a distinct, newly defined mechanism.
- This mechanism appears to have functions extending beyond the mere manipulation of the host cell cycle.
Conclusions:
- The role of HIV-1 Vif in cell cycle regulation is more complex than previously understood.
- Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the scope and impact of Vif's cell cycle-related activities.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
48.4K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
48.4K
02:34Inhibition of Cdk Activity
5.3K
The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
5.3K
01:28The Cell Cycle Control System
4.6K
The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and...
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and...
4.6K
02:11The Cell Cycle Control System
13.3K
The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
13.3K
02:37DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle
9.7K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
9.7K
01:23Negative Regulator Molecules
37.5K
Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
37.5K