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Onsager's variational principle in active soft matter.

Haiqin Wang1, Tiezheng Qian, Xinpeng Xu

  • 1Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.

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Summary

Onsagers variational principle (OVP) is extended for active soft matter dynamics. This approach models biological systems, providing thermodynamically consistent models for cell and tissue behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Biophysics
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Onsagers variational principle (OVP) is a foundational tool for thermodynamically consistent modeling.
  • OVP has been particularly useful in studying soft matter dynamics.
  • Active soft matter, including biological systems, presents unique modeling challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend Onsagers variational principle (OVP) for the dynamic modeling of active soft matter.
  • To incorporate active forces into OVP for non-conservative systems.
  • To develop thermodynamically consistent models for active biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Generalized OVP formulation to include active forces as external non-conservative forces.
  • Analysis of individual active unit motion (molecular motors, microswimmers).
  • Development of diffuse-interface and thin-film models for active polar droplets.
  • Derivation of generalized hydrodynamic equations and thermodynamically consistent boundary conditions.

Main Results:

  • Successful extension of OVP to active matter dynamics.
  • Analysis of directional motion in model active systems.
  • Formulation of a diffuse-interface model for active polar droplets with derived boundary conditions.
  • Derivation of a generalized thin film equation and spreading laws for active droplets.

Conclusions:

  • The extended OVP provides a general framework for thermodynamically consistent modeling of active soft matter.
  • This approach enhances understanding of emergent behaviors in biological systems like cells and tissues.
  • The developed models offer insights into the dynamics of active biological components.