Lymphoma subtypes in India: a tertiary care center review

Lymphomas are a group of neoplasm arising from immune cells with varied clinical presentation, molecular profile, morphology and immunophenotype. The epidemiology and response to treatment varies among patients from different geographical locations. We analyze the demographic characteristics of lymphomas in a tertiary care center of India over a period of five years. This was a retrospective study including cases from 2015 to 2019 which were classified according to WHO classification 2017. A total of 4115 lymphoma cases were diagnosed. Hodgkin lymphomas (HL) comprised 30.35% (n = 1249), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was 69.65% (n = 2866). Site of presentation was nodal in 64.76% cases, and 35.23% were extranodal. There was an overall male predominance. Among the NHLs, B-cell type comprised of 84.08% and 15.38% was T- and NK cell lymphomas. Mature B cell lymphomas comprised 82.41% with predominant being diffuse large B cell lymphoma type (42.53%) followed by follicular lymphoma (10.81%) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (6.10%). Among the T-cell type, PTCL NOS (2.65%) was the predominant subtype followed by ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL-ALK+) (2.44%), extranodal NK-T cell lymphoma (2.02%) and others. Classical type was predominant type (97.91%) among HL, and 2.08% were nodular lymphocyte predominant type. Among the classical HL, nodular sclerosis (28.1%) and mixed cellularity (32.18%) co-dominated. Our study indicates that the Indian population differs in the prevalence, presentation and the subtyping among various lymphomas. Higher prevalence of Hodgkin lymphoma, DLBCL, ALK + ALCL and immature cell neoplasm was noted.