Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

877
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
877
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

2.7K
Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
2.7K
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

1.9K
Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
1.9K
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

51.3K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
51.3K
Complementary DNA01:44

Complementary DNA

30.5K
Overview
30.5K
Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

62.8K
The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
62.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Metal-Phenolic Coatings Enable Universal Design of Spherical Nucleic Acids.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Programmed synthesis of mesoporous protein crystals in cellular reactors.

Nature nanotechnology·2026
Same author

Correction to "DNA-Mediated Cellular Delivery of Functional Enzymes".

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Author Correction: De novo design of quasisymmetric two-component protein cages.

Nature·2026
Same author

High-χ Block Copolymer Nanoreactors for the Confined Synthesis of Size-Controlled Nanoclusters.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Programmable Stepwise Heteroepitaxial Growth of Colloidal Crystals With Different Phases.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

Radical Cascades on Seawater Microdroplets Drive Atmospheric Mercury Oxidation.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Superior Selective and Fast NH<sub>3</sub> Adsorption of Soft Porous MOF/Ionic Liquid Composites with Ordering Phase Transitions.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Systematic Catalyst Variation for Improved Stereoselective Epoxide Polymerization: Subtle Modifications Resulting in Superior Efficiency.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Deciphering the Halide Chemistry of Cl<sup>-</sup> and Br<sup>-</sup> in Enhancing Kinetics of Mg Plating/Stripping.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Electrosynthesis of C<sub>6</sub> Chemicals by Propylene Oxidative Coupling on Au Surface.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Statistical AI Enables Precise Screening of Multielement Catalysts.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

4.6K

Electron-Equivalent Valency through Molecularly Well-Defined Multivalent DNA.

Ho Fung Cheng1, Shunzhi Wang1, Chad A Mirkin1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created novel colloidal crystals using molecularly precise electron equivalents (EEs) and nanoparticle building blocks. This breakthrough enables control over crystal structure and thermal stability, advancing the field of programmable matter.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancements in DNA Nanosensors &#8211; Addressing Sensitivity and Selectivity Challenges in Molecular Detection
07:16

Author Spotlight: Advancements in DNA Nanosensors – Addressing Sensitivity and Selectivity Challenges in Molecular Detection

Published on: February 9, 2024

1.3K
Electroeluting DNA Fragments
06:13

Electroeluting DNA Fragments

Published on: September 5, 2010

28.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 20, 2025

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

4.6K
Author Spotlight: Advancements in DNA Nanosensors &#8211; Addressing Sensitivity and Selectivity Challenges in Molecular Detection
07:16

Author Spotlight: Advancements in DNA Nanosensors – Addressing Sensitivity and Selectivity Challenges in Molecular Detection

Published on: February 9, 2024

1.3K
Electroeluting DNA Fragments
06:13

Electroeluting DNA Fragments

Published on: September 5, 2010

28.2K

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and interface science
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Oligonucleotide-functionalized nanoparticles (NPs), termed programmable atom equivalents (PAEs), are building blocks for colloidal crystals.
  • PAEs can act as electron equivalents (EEs), stabilizing complementary sublattices, but NP polydispersity limits EE control.
  • Understanding EE-PAE interactions and colloidal metallicity is challenging due to variations in DNA grafting on NPs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a strategy for synthesizing colloidal crystals with molecularly precise EEs.
  • To investigate the assembly and properties of crystals formed by molecular EEs and NP-based PAEs.
  • To explore the influence of EE valency on phase formation and crystal properties.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized EEs templated by small molecules with a precise number of DNA strands.
  • Assembled molecular EEs with complementary NP-based PAEs.
  • Utilized X-ray scattering and electron microscopy to characterize the resulting colloidal crystals.

Main Results:

  • Formation of three distinct "metallic" phases upon assembly of molecular EEs and NP PAEs.
  • Demonstrated that thermal stability depends on the number of sticky ends per EE.
  • Showed that lattice symmetry is controlled by the number and orientation of EE sticky ends on PAEs.

Conclusions:

  • Introduced molecularly precise EEs as a method to overcome limitations of NP-based EEs.
  • Established that molecular EEs possess a defined valency, unlike conventional electrons.
  • Showed that EE valency can be used to guide and influence specific phase formation in colloidal crystals.