The Spy that links: Creation of nonlinear protein architectures and materials using SpyTag/SpyCatcher chemistry

The peptide/protein pair, SpyTag/SpyCatcher, which is derived from split immunoglobulin-like collagen adhesin domain (CnaB2) from Streptococcus pyogenes, can spontaneously form a stable Lys-Asp isopeptide bond under physiological conditions. This enabling technology- also known as genetically encoded click chemistry owing to its marked efficiency and specificity-has led to a variety of applications in protein engineering, materials science and synthetic biology in recent years. In this chapter, we discuss the use of SpyTag/SpyCatcher chemistry to create nonlinear protein architectures and materials, with emphasis on its role in shaping up topology engineering as an emerging branch of protein engineering. The synthesis of entirely protein-based molecular networks, Spy networks, is highlighted. The protocols for preparing Spy networks and applications thereof are also illustrated.