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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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INSPECTOR: free software for magnetic resonance spectroscopy data inspection, processing, simulation and analysis.

Martin Gajdošík1, Karl Landheer2, Kelley M Swanberg2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA. mg4057@columbia.edu.

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|January 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

INSPECTOR is a new freeware tool that simplifies in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data processing. It offers integrated analysis, simulation, and quality management for biomedical research and diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is crucial for non-invasive analysis of small molecules in living tissues for research and diagnostics.
  • Current MRS software often lacks comprehensive quality management, transparency in processing, and user-friendliness, requiring multiple tools for different tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce INSPECTOR, a freeware solution integrating MRS data processing, simulation, and analysis.
  • To address limitations in existing MRS software by providing a user-friendly, transparent, and automated platform.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the INSPECTOR freeware package.
  • Implementation of enhanced data handling, quality management, and visualization features.
  • Flexible parameter customization and provision of extended confidence information for analysis.

Main Results:

  • INSPECTOR offers a unified platform for MRS data processing, simulation, and analysis.
  • The software provides extensive data handling, quality management, and visualization for transparent processing.
  • Features include flexible parameter adjustment, automation potential, and rigorous, consistent processing for multi-center studies.

Conclusions:

  • INSPECTOR is a comprehensive, user-friendly solution for in vivo MRS data analysis.
  • It enhances transparency, rigor, and consistency in processing across various biomedical applications.
  • The software facilitates advanced MRS data management and analysis for research and clinical diagnostics.