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Can we use a functional trait to construct a generalized model for ungulate populations?

Lochran W Traill1,2, Floriane Plard3, Jean-Michel Gaillard3

  • 1Schoool of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom.

Ecology
|January 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Predictive population models using body mass for ungulates were unattainable. Diverse reproductive tactics and environmental factors, not just body mass, significantly influence ungulate population dynamics.

Keywords:
demographyevolutionintegral projection modelslife history traitsmammals

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Population Dynamics
  • Quantitative Biology

Background:

  • Ecologists seek predictive models for population dynamics when detailed demographic data are scarce.
  • Integral projection models (IPMs) predict population and phenotypic outcomes using functional traits like body mass.
  • Body mass is a key trait influencing demographic rates in mammals, including ungulates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a generalized, body-mass-based Integral Projection Model (IPM) for ungulate species.
  • To assess the predictability of ungulate population dynamics using body mass as the primary functional trait.
  • To understand the interplay between body mass, reproductive tactics, and demographic outcomes in ungulates.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed body-mass-based Integral Projection Models (IPMs) for ungulate species across a wide body size range (25-400 kg).
  • Accounted for inter-species variation in age at first reproduction and litter size.
  • Evaluated the generalizability and reliability of trait-based models for predicting ungulate population dynamics.

Main Results:

  • A reliable and general functional, trait-based model for ungulates was not attainable.
  • Body mass alone, even with adjustments for reproductive traits, could not fully predict population dynamics.
  • Significant variation in reproductive tactics and the influence of density-dependent and environmental factors were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Predicting ungulate population dynamics solely on body mass is insufficient due to diverse reproductive strategies.
  • Density-dependent and environmental factors play crucial roles in shaping ungulate population dynamics, independent of body mass.
  • Environmental context is critical for understanding functional trait impacts on vertebrate population ecology.