Peritoneal lymphomatosis. A case report

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Radiology
• Pathology

Background:

• Peritoneal involvement in lymphomas is rare, typically presenting as high-grade extranodal disease.
• Primary peritoneal lymphoma (PL) is exceptionally uncommon, with few cases documented in medical literature.
• High-grade nodal lymphomas more frequently involve the peritoneum secondarily.

Observation:

• A patient presented with constitutional symptoms and imaging suggestive of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
• Diagnosis of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) was confirmed via ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of the peritoneum.
• The patient experienced tumor lysis syndrome after one cycle of chemotherapy, leading to death.

Findings:

• This case illustrates PPL presenting without other discernible radiological signs of lymphoma.
• The rarity of PPL as an isolated peritoneal finding is emphasized.
• Differential diagnosis of peritoneal diseases, including carcinomatosis and tuberculous peritonitis, is challenging.

Implications:

• Radiologists and clinicians must consider PPL in the differential diagnosis of peritoneal abnormalities.
• Early and accurate diagnosis through biopsy is crucial for appropriate management.
• Awareness of this rare entity can improve patient outcomes and potentially prolong survival.