Biomimetic strategies for enhancing synthesis and delivery of antibacterial nanosystems

The identification of bacterial infections as a significant human-life threatening challenge is driving several research efforts toward generating new strategies to treat bacterial infections and associated resistance issues. Biomimicry is an emerging field demonstrating great potential for application in the war against bacterial infection and their associated diseases. Recently, nanotechnology combined with biomimetic concepts has been identified as an innovative strategy to combat bacterial infections. Herein, we present an up-to-date review of biomimetic antibacterial nanosystems, with a focus on the different biomimetic approaches involved in the synthesis and delivery of antibacterial nanosystems. Biomimetic synthesis and nanosystems involved in mimicking cellular structures, extracellular matrix structures and biological surfaces are critically reviewed. Their advantages achieved in biocompatibility, biodegradability, improvement of pharmacokinetics parameters and antibacterial efficiency are highlighted. Current challenges and recommendations for amplifying the potential of these systems are also identified. This review illustrates the significant impact and potential of biomimetic antibacterial nanosystems in the field of bacterial infection treatment.