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Related Concept Videos

Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods01:20

Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods

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Pharmacodynamic methods provide insights into a drug's effects on physiological processes over time and play a crucial role in understanding bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. These methods can be broadly classified into acute pharmacological and therapeutic response approaches, each with distinct mechanisms and applications.The acute pharmacological response method directly correlates a drug's physiological effects, such as ECG or pupil diameter changes, to its time course in the body.
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Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport

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Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

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Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction
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Antibody-mediated drug delivery.

Fatma Betul Arslan1, Kivilcim Ozturk Atar1, Sema Calis1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|January 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Monoclonal antibodies and their fragments are key ligands for actively targeted nanoparticulate delivery systems. This review focuses on their use in improving drug delivery and overcoming conventional therapy limitations.

Keywords:
AntibodyAntibody fragmentConjugationDrug deliveryTargeted delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Conventional therapies often suffer from side effects, poor drug accumulation at target sites, and suboptimal pharmacokinetics.
  • Targeted nanoparticulate delivery systems offer a promising alternative to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce off-target effects.
  • Active targeting strategies utilize ligands to direct nanoparticles to specific sites, improving drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of monoclonal antibodies and their fragments as targeting ligands in nanoparticulate delivery systems.
  • To provide an overview of targeted delivery principles and antibody characteristics.
  • To detail antibody fragmentation techniques and conjugation strategies for nanoparticle attachment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on monoclonal antibodies and their fragments as targeting ligands.
  • Analysis of antibody fragmentation methods and conjugation approaches.
  • Examination of actively targeted antibody-drug conjugates and delivery systems.

Main Results:

  • Monoclonal antibodies and their fragments are extensively researched as ligands for active targeting.
  • Several FDA-approved antibody-drug conjugates exist, demonstrating the potential of antibody-based targeting.
  • No actively targeted delivery systems utilizing these ligands are currently in widespread clinical use, highlighting an area for development.

Conclusions:

  • Monoclonal antibodies and their fragments represent a significant opportunity for developing advanced, actively targeted nanoparticulate delivery systems.
  • Further research into formulation and conjugation is crucial for translating these targeted systems into clinical practice.
  • This review provides a foundation for understanding the role of antibody-derived ligands in next-generation drug delivery.