Exploring the therapeutic potential of the bioinspired reconstituted high density lipoprotein nanostructures

Lipoproteins are endogenously present nanocarriers and are the primary commuters of cholesterol within the body. Among lipoproteins, HDL inherits size in nm range with anti-oxidant potential and receptor affinity which makes them an attractive candidate for drug delivery. Hence, in this review, we glance across the biosynthesis, architecture, and methods to prepare rHDL which acts as an endogenously present delivery vehicle. The review critically describes the range of applications possible for targeted delivery in multiple ailments (cancer, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer, age-related macular degeneration and psoriasis) using rHDL. Moreover, the review also expounds on to the case reports where, drug delivery aspect of rHDL is augmented through stimuli sensitivity (ultrasounds, magnetic field, photodynamic therapy) and pH dependent approaches. Further, the role of rHDL in combating the blood brain barrier for efficient delivery of peptides into the brain is also been highlighted. Additionally, the manuscript also expounds on rHDL based formulations which are under clinical review with elaboration on challenges and future prospects pertaining to their clinical translation. Overall, the present article showcases several aspects of rHDL, which are or can be explored for present and future investigations.