Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 20, 2025
07:34
Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System
Published on: May 5, 2018
12.0K
Fetal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models: Systems Information on Fetal Cardiac Output and Its Distribution
Khaled Abduljalil1, Xian Pan2, Ruth Clayton2
1Certara UK Limited (Simcyp Division), Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield, S1 2BJ, UK. khaled.abduljalil@certara.com.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics
|January 24, 2021
Summary
This study quantifies fetal circulation changes for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models. Mathematical functions describe fetal cardiac output and tissue blood flow, aiding drug exposure and risk assessment.
Area of Science:
- Fetal physiology
- Pharmacokinetics
- Hemodynamics
Background:
- Fetal circulation is unique and vital for developing physiologically based pharmacokinetic models.
- Previous reviews lack comprehensive data on fetal circulatory changes for model development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To collate, analyze, and mathematically describe fetal cardiac output and tissue blood flow during development.
- To provide essential physiological data for fetal pharmacokinetic modeling.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search for fetal cardiac output and tissue blood flow data.
- Data integration and analysis to establish continuous mathematical functions for parameter changes.
- Evaluation of age- and weight-dependent functions for fetal cardiac output.
Main Results:
- Compiled data from multiple Doppler studies on fetal cardiac output and various tissue blood flows.
- Developed mathematical functions describing fetal cardiac output, preferring weight-dependent models.
- Identified distinct age-varying and fixed blood flow proportions to different fetal organs and tissues.
Conclusions:
- The collated data offer a valuable resource for fetal physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling.
- Applications include predicting xenobiotic exposure and risk assessment in fetuses.
- Addresses limitations in data availability for certain fetal parameters.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion
218
Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
218
01:15Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models
173
Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
173
01:20Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview
1.6K
Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
1.6K
01:06Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models
166
Pharmacokinetic models are mathematical constructs that represent and predict the time course of drug concentrations in the body, providing meaningful pharmacokinetic parameters. These models are categorized into compartment, physiological, and distributed parameter models.
The distributed parameter models are specifically designed to account for variations and differences in some drug classes. This model is particularly useful for assessing regional concentrations of anticancer or...
The distributed parameter models are specifically designed to account for variations and differences in some drug classes. This model is particularly useful for assessing regional concentrations of anticancer or...
166
01:13Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding
135
Physiological models with protein binding in pharmacokinetics offer a sophisticated approach to understanding drug disposition. These models consider drug-protein interactions, enabling them to effectively predict drug concentrations in different organs and tissues. This precision aids in accurate drug dosing, providing a significant advantage over conventional models. A key process within these models is equilibration, which ensures that drug concentrations achieve a steady state within the...
135
00:57Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models
204
Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
204