Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types

Parenting Styles

Parenting Styles

Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...

Conduct Disorder

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...

Bullying

Bullying

A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Disentangling shared and unique effects of parenting on psychopathology: Evidence from two prospective, genetically sensitive cohort studies.

JCPP advances·2026

Same author

Residential exposure to deadly gun violence and accelerated biological aging in a national sample of U.S. adolescents.

SSM - population health·2026

Same author

Corrigendum to "Cortisol stress reactivity and cumulative output associations with structural neural network architecture in adolescents" [Psychoneuroendocrinology 191 (2026) 107938].

Psychoneuroendocrinology·2026

Same author

Response to Letter to the Editor, Re: Student Differences in a Social-Emotional Learning Program: Engagement and Individual Factors.

The Journal of school health·2026

Same author

Cortisol stress reactivity and cumulative output associations with structural neural network architecture in adolescents.

Psychoneuroendocrinology·2026

Same author

Speech-Derived Digital Markers of Treatment Response and Improvement Trajectories in Pediatric Anxiety.

Research square·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

Prospective longitudinal associations between harsh parenting and corticolimbic function during adolescence.

Arianna M Gard^1,2, Tyler C Hein^1,3, Colter Mitchell⁴

¹Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Development and Psychopathology

|January 25, 2021

Summary

Harsh parenting in early childhood impacts amygdala function, while changes in harsh parenting across childhood affect prefrontal cortex activation and amygdala-prefrontal cortex connectivity in youth.

Keywords:

adversity amygdala corticolimbic harsh parenting socioemotional

More Related Videos

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Published on: December 2, 2015

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice

Published on: January 24, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Published on: December 2, 2015

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice

Published on: January 24, 2025

Area of Science:

Developmental Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Neuroimaging

Background:

Childhood adversity is theorized to impair socioemotional development through altered neural function in emotion-processing regions.
Effects are hypothesized to be developmentally specific: early adversity impacts subcortical structures (e.g., amygdala), while adolescent adversity affects later-developing structures (e.g., prefrontal cortex; PFC).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the trajectory of harsh parenting from early childhood to adolescence.
To examine associations between initial levels and changes in harsh parenting with corticolimbic activation and connectivity during socioemotional processing.

Main Methods:

Utilized longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) (N = 4,144).
Included neuroimaging data from a subsample (N = 162) recruited in adolescence.
Employed linear growth curve modeling to analyze harsh parenting trajectories and associated neural responses to angry facial expressions.

Main Results:

Early childhood harsh parenting was linked to reduced amygdala reactivity to angry faces.
Changes in harsh parenting across childhood were associated with reduced PFC activation to angry faces.
Increasing harsh parenting correlated with stronger positive amygdala-PFC connectivity during angry face processing.

Conclusions:

Findings support developmentally specific effects of harsh parenting on socioemotional brain development.
Both the timing and change in harsh parenting influence distinct neural mechanisms underlying emotion processing.
Highlights the importance of considering parenting trajectories in understanding neurodevelopmental outcomes.