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Concealed metabolic reprogramming induced by different herbicides in tomato.

Paola Ganugi1, Begoña Miras-Moreno2, Pascual Garcia-Perez3

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This study reveals that herbicides, even when applied early, significantly alter tomato plant metabolism, affecting phytohormones and secondary compounds. These changes can impact fruit quality, a factor often overlooked in agricultural practices.

Keywords:
Environmental impactFruit qualityPhytohormonePlant stressSecondary metabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Metabolism
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Herbicide application is standard in agriculture, with assessments focusing on efficacy, residues, and environmental impact.
  • Emerging research indicates potential impacts of pesticide treatments on plant metabolism and fruit quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the metabolic effects of four distinct herbicides (metribuzin, rimsulfuron, glyphosate, pelargonic acid) on industrial tomato plants.
  • To analyze molecular-level changes induced by herbicide treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Tomato plants were treated with selective (metribuzin, rimsulfuron) and non-selective (glyphosate, pelargonic acid) herbicides.
  • Leaf metabolomics analysis was performed.
  • Multivariate statistics identified 247 differential compounds; PlantCyc Pathway Tool was used for data interpretation.

Main Results:

  • Herbicides induced distinct metabolic responses, notably modulating phytohormone profiles (gibberellins, jasmonates) and secondary metabolism (phenylpropanoids, glucosinolates).
  • Metabolic reprogramming persisted, affecting fruit composition despite herbicide application weeks prior.
  • Significant alterations were observed in stress-related compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Herbicide application can cause significant, often underestimated, metabolic reprogramming in tomato plants, extending to fruit quality.
  • These findings highlight the need to consider hidden metabolic effects of herbicides on yield's qualitative and quantitative traits.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the long-term implications for food quality and agricultural sustainability.