Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and lung transplantation

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pulmonology
• Transplant Surgery

Background:

• Lung transplantation is a critical treatment for end-stage lung disease.
• Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides essential cardiopulmonary support.
• The integration of ECMO has evolved significantly in lung transplant procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical development and current applications of ECMO in lung transplantation.
• To highlight the multifaceted role of ECMO throughout the transplant continuum.
• To discuss institutional experiences and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of ECMO and lung transplantation history and development.
• Analysis of ECMO's application in preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases.
• Description of institutional practices and experiences.

Main Results:

• ECMO is utilized as a bridge to lung transplantation.
• It serves as a preferred cardiopulmonary support during implantation in some centers.
• ECMO is crucial for salvaging grafts with primary dysfunction and planned postoperative support.

Conclusions:

• Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an indispensable tool in modern lung transplantation.
• Its application spans all phases, enhancing patient outcomes and graft survival.
• The role of ECMO continues to expand, with ongoing adaptation to new challenges like pandemics.