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Anesthesia and Alzheimer's: A review
1NYU Langone Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology
|January 25, 2021
Summary
Anesthesia and surgery may worsen dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review explores the literature for a correlation between surgical procedures and cognitive decline, aiming to identify potential causes.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Neurology
- Anesthesiology
Background:
- Cognitive changes post-anesthesia and surgery have been noted since 1955.
- Public perception links anesthesia and surgery to accelerated dementia progression, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD).
- Concerns exist regarding irreversible cognitive impairment and accelerated decline in mild cognitive impairment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the scientific literature for a correlation between anesthesia/surgery and cognitive decline.
- To explore potential pathophysiological mechanisms linking surgical procedures to dementia.
- To address concerns about anesthesia's impact on Alzheimer's disease progression.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of relevant scientific articles.
- Analysis of studies reporting cognitive changes after anesthesia and surgery.
- Exploration of proposed pathophysiological pathways.
Main Results:
- Evidence suggests a potential link between anesthesia/surgery and cognitive impairment.
- Anesthesia and surgery may exacerbate existing neurodegenerative processes.
- Further research is needed to elucidate specific mechanisms.
Conclusions:
- A correlation between anesthesia/surgery and accelerated cognitive decline, including in Alzheimer's disease, warrants further investigation.
- Potential mechanisms may involve inflammatory responses or direct neurotoxic effects.
- Understanding this relationship is crucial for patient care and risk management.
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