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Related Concept Videos

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods01:21

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

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Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...
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Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

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A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
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Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

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Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
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Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations01:23

Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations

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Nomograms and tabulations are vital tools used by clinicians to design accurate and individualized dosage regimens. These instruments provide a straightforward method for adjusting dosages based on individual patient characteristics, including age, weight, and physiological condition. The foundation of a drug's nomogram is population pharmacokinetic data collected and analyzed using specific models. This data simplifies complex equations, presenting them diagrammatically or tabularly for easy...
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Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose01:24

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

4.9K
A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady...
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Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

59
It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Radiation Planning Assistant - A Streamlined, Fully Automated Radiotherapy Treatment Planning System
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Dose Calculation Comparisons between Three Modern Treatment Planning Systems.

Courtney Bosse1, Ganesh Narayanasamy2, Daniel Saenz3

  • 1Radiation Oncology, Colorado Associates in Medical Physics, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA.

Journal of Medical Physics
|January 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monaco treatment planning system

Keywords:
Radiation dose comparisonradiotherapy plan similaritytreatment planning system comparison

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Computational Dosimetry

Background:

  • Modern radiation therapy relies on accurate dose calculations from treatment planning systems (TPS).
  • Different TPS employ distinct algorithms, potentially leading to variations in calculated dose distributions.
  • Monte Carlo (MC) methods offer detailed dose calculations, but their clinical implementation and comparison with other algorithms are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To verify and compare dose calculations from the Monaco TPS (version 5.1) using its MC engine.
  • To assess Monaco's dose calculations against Pinnacle3's collapsed cone convolution superposition (CCCS) and Eclipse's anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA).
  • To evaluate dosimetric differences in lung and head-and-neck (HN) cancer treatment plans.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen lung and head-and-neck (HN) cancer patient plans treated with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were retrospectively analyzed.
  • Plans were generated using Elekta VersaHD or Novalis Tx linacs with 6 MV or 10 MV photon beams.
  • Dose calculations from Pinnacle3 (CCCS), Eclipse (AAA), and Monaco (MC) were compared using Velocity software.

Main Results:

  • Planning target volume (PTV) heterogeneity and conformity indexes were calculated from dose-volume histograms (DVH).
  • Key dosimetric parameters, including mean lung dose (MLD) and lung V5/V20 for lung plans, and doses to organs at risk (parotids, brainstem, mandible) for HN plans, were recorded.
  • Percent differences in these values were computed between Monaco and the other TPS.

Conclusions:

  • Differences in dose calculations exist across different TPS, becoming apparent in DVH comparisons.
  • These discrepancies are attributed to the varying dose calculation algorithms employed by each TPS.
  • Monaco's MC algorithm provides detailed calculations, positioning it as a potentially more accurate and gold-standard method.