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A Rare Presentation of Parvovirus Induced Pure Red Cell Aplasia in Elderly Male With Inclusion Body Myositis

Shobha Mandal1, Ravindra Shah2, Philip Lowry3

  • 1Internal Medicine, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, USA.

Cureus
|January 25, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare bone marrow failure. Parvovirus B-19 infection can cause PRCA in older adults, as seen in this case managed with supportive care.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by erythroid-specific bone marrow failure.
  • While various causes exist, parvovirus B-19 infection is an uncommon but significant etiology, particularly in elderly populations.

Observation:

  • A 73-year-old male on high-dose prednisone presented with acute functional decline and dyspnea.
  • Clinical evaluation revealed normocytic, normochromic anemia with suppressed reticulocyte counts, indicative of bone marrow dysfunction.

Findings:

  • Further investigation identified an elevated immunoglobulin M (IgM) titer for parvovirus B-19 antibody.
  • This confirmed parvovirus B-19 infection as the likely cause of PRCA in this patient.

Implications:

  • This case highlights parvovirus B-19 as a potential cause of PRCA in immunocompromised or elderly individuals.
  • Supportive management, including blood transfusions and hydration, led to symptomatic improvement, underscoring the importance of prompt diagnosis and care.
Keywords:
parvovirus b-19prcapure red cell aplasia

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