Public Interest in Elective Orthopedic Surgery Following Recommendations During COVID-19: A Google Trends Analysis

Introduction Precautions issued by organizations such as the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) recommending against any elective, or non-essential, surgical procedures have significantly affected healthcare resource utilization by the public during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. In this study, we demonstrate the value of the Google Trends (GT) interface to characterize and monitor in real-time the response in public interest toward various elective orthopedic procedures. Methods Search volume databases were generated from January 2015 to May 2020 for keywords related to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, elbow arthroplasty, hip arthroplasty, knee arthroplasty, and rotator cuff repair. To measure the immediate effects on public interest, the percent change was calculated from the AAOS, and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) defined a 30-day pre-recommendations period to a 30-day post-recommendations period. To measure long-term effects, mean search volumes from January 1, 2015, to February 29, 2020, were compared to mean search volumes from March 1, 2020, to May 21, 2020. Results In the 30-day period following statements by the AAOS and CMS, interest in all search terms except "partial knee arthroplasty" decreased as follows: "ACL reconstruction" (-32.7%); "ACL repair" (-22.6%); "anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction" (-39.8%); "elbow arthroplasty" (-17.2%); "elbow joint replacement" (-15.1%); "total elbow arthroplasty" (-40.0%); "hip arthroplasty" (-23.0%); "hip replacement" (-41.2%); "total hip arthroplasty" (-23.0%); "knee arthroplasty" (-43.0%); "total knee arthroplasty" (-33.3%); "rotator cuff repair" (-34.2%); "rotator cuff surgery" (-50.6%); "shoulder arthroplasty" (-26.7%). Discussion GT data have previously demonstrated utility in characterizing and anticipating shifts in real-world healthcare utilization, making it an invaluable tool for physicians to anticipate and address the emerging needs of our patient population. Our study further illustrates the value of GT in localizing rapidly recovering interest in several of the most common elective orthopedic surgeries, enabling surgeons with up-to-date actionable data to guide the management of practices and healthcare facilities as the US slowly emerges from precautions endorsed during the COVID-19 pandemic.