Comparison of Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Interventional Cardiology
• Cardiovascular Surgery

Background:

• Coronary artery disease (CAD) necessitates revascularization strategies.
• Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are primary treatment modalities for CAD.
• Treatment selection is guided by individual patient clinical scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the clinical outcomes of PCI versus CABG in patients with coronary artery disease.
• To evaluate the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and mortality after PCI and CABG.

Main Methods:

• A 12-month longitudinal observational study involving patients eligible for revascularization.
• Randomization of participants to either PCI (stent) or CABG (surgery).
• Follow-up assessment for all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, and repeat revascularization.

Main Results:

• PCI group showed a significantly higher rate of repeat revascularization (21.3%) compared to CABG (7.4%; p = 0.007).
• No significant difference was observed in all-cause mortality (3.8% vs. 3.7%) between the groups.
• Rates of myocardial infarction (7.6% vs. 5.6%) and cerebrovascular accidents (3.8% vs. 2.8%) were comparable between PCI and CABG.

Conclusions:

• PCI is associated with an increased risk of repeat revascularization compared to CABG.
• Both PCI and CABG demonstrated comparable safety profiles regarding major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) at 12 months.
• Further long-term studies are warranted to fully elucidate the comparative outcomes of PCI and CABG.