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Risk factors for acute otitis media in primary school children: a case-control study in Central Java, Indonesia

Siwi Pramatama Mars Wijayanti1, Daniel Joko Wahyono2, Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki1

  • 1Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto.

Journal of Public Health Research
|January 25, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Household firewood use, poor nutrition, and a family history of ear infections significantly increase the risk of acute otitis media (AOM) in Indonesian primary school children. Public health education is crucial for prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Acute otitis media (AOM) is a prevalent childhood illness necessitating antibiotic treatment.
  • Limited data exists on AOM risk factors in primary school children, especially in Indonesia.
  • This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding AOM determinants in this demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific risk factors associated with AOM in primary school children.
  • To investigate the influence of household environment, parental knowledge, and nutritional status on AOM occurrence.
  • To provide evidence for targeted public health interventions in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical case-control study conducted in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia.
  • Involved 125 AOM cases and 125 controls, selected from 3574 screened children.
  • Data collected via questionnaires on cooking fuel, home environment, smoking, parental knowledge, and nutrition; analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Household firewood use was significantly associated with an increased risk of AOM (p=0.003).
  • Poor nutritional status emerged as a key risk factor (p=0.009).
  • A family history of ear infections also correlated with higher AOM incidence (p=0.015).

Conclusions:

  • Household firewood use, poor nutritional status, and family history of ear infection are significant risk factors for AOM.
  • Public health initiatives should focus on reducing exposure to harmful cooking fuels and improving children's nutritional status.
  • Targeted education can mitigate AOM prevalence in primary school-aged children.

Keywords:
Acute otitis mediachildrenrisk factors

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