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Related Concept Videos

Fates of Pyruvate01:20

Fates of Pyruvate

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Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...
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Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

Pyruvate Oxidation

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After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
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Microbial Fermentation01:23

Microbial Fermentation

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Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
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Fermentation01:29

Fermentation

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Most eukaryotic organisms require oxygen to survive and function adequately. Such organisms produce large amounts of energy during aerobic respiration by metabolizing glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water. However, most eukaryotes can generate some energy in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic metabolism.
Fermentation is a type of metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where organic molecules such as glucose are broken down to produce energy. During this process, the...
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Inducible Operons: lac Operon01:25

Inducible Operons: lac Operon

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The lac operon in Escherichia coli is a model for understanding inducible gene regulation and metabolic flexibility. It integrates local control by lactose and global regulation through catabolite repression, enabling E. coli to preferentially metabolize glucose when available and switch to lactose utilization when glucose is scarce.Structure and Function of the lac OperonThe lac operon contains three structural genes: lacZ (β-galactosidase), lacY (lactose permease), and lacA...
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Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
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Light-Controlled Fermentations for Microbial Chemical and Protein Production
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Efficient Production of Pyruvate Using Metabolically Engineered Lactococcus lactis.

Fan Suo1, Jianming Liu1, Jun Chen1

  • 1Division of Production and Microbiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|January 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered Lactococcus lactis efficiently produces pyruvate, a key chemical, from dairy waste. This sustainable bioprocess achieves high yields, demonstrating waste valorization potential.

Keywords:
Lactococcus lactisdairy side-streamfermentationhigh-yield pyruvate productionmetabolic engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Metabolic Engineering
  • Industrial Microbiology

Background:

  • Microbial production of commodity chemicals requires cost reduction and efficient host selection.
  • Lactococcus lactis is a well-characterized bacterium suitable for industrial bioprocesses.
  • Pyruvate is a valuable commodity chemical with diverse applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer Lactococcus lactis as an efficient microbial platform for pyruvate production.
  • To achieve high-yield, growth-coupled pyruvate production by knocking out competing metabolic pathways.
  • To demonstrate the valorization of lactose from dairy waste streams into pyruvate.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic engineering of Lactococcus lactis to eliminate pyruvate-consuming pathways.
  • Fed-batch fermentation for optimizing pyruvate production.
  • Introduction of lactose catabolism for utilizing dairy side-streams.
  • Fermentation using residual whey permeate (RWP) as a substrate.

Main Results:

  • Engineered strain FS1076 produced pyruvate as the sole product with over 80% carbon flux directed towards it.
  • A final pyruvate titer of 54.6 g/L was achieved in fed-batch fermentation.
  • Strain FS1080 successfully produced pyruvate from lactose, achieving a titer of 40.1 g/L and 78.6% yield from residual whey permeate.
  • The highest reported yields for pyruvate production from dairy waste were obtained.

Conclusions:

  • Lactococcus lactis is a suitable platform for converting dairy waste (lactose) into food-grade pyruvate.
  • The developed bioprocess offers a sustainable method for valorizing dairy industry byproducts.
  • High yields and titers demonstrate the economic feasibility of this microbial production strategy.