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Tissue-Resident Macrophage Development and Function.

Yinyu Wu1,2,3,4,5, Karen K Hirschi1,2,3,4,5,6

  • 1Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|January 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Tissue-resident macrophages originate from three distinct developmental waves, influencing immunity and homeostasis. Understanding their origins and regulation is key to tissue health.

Keywords:
definitive hematopoiesiserythro-myeloid progenitorshemogenic endothelial cellsprimitive hematopoiesistissue-resident macrophages

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Area of Science:

  • * Developmental immunology
  • * Hematopoiesis
  • * Tissue-resident macrophages

Background:

  • * Tissue-resident macrophages are crucial for immunity, homeostasis, and angiogenesis.
  • * Their origins and regulatory mechanisms are critical for understanding biological processes.
  • * Macrophage development occurs in three distinct waves during embryogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the developmental origins of tissue-resident macrophages.
  • * To discuss molecular regulation in specific tissue niches.
  • * To highlight the impact of macrophages on development and homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of existing literature on murine hematopoietic development.
  • * Analysis of macrophage origins from primitive hematopoiesis, yolk sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMP), and fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells (HSC).
  • * Discussion of tissue-specific functions and regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • * First wave (primitive hematopoiesis, yolk sac) generates microglia progenitors.
  • * Second wave (yolk sac-derived EMP) produces tissue-resident macrophages (excluding brain).
  • * Third wave (AGM-derived HSC) establishes long-lived adult macrophage pools.

Conclusions:

  • * Macrophages arise from three sequential developmental waves with distinct origins and fates.
  • * EMP-derived macrophages populate various tissues, exhibiting specialized functions.
  • * HSC-derived macrophages form a persistent adult population, essential for long-term homeostasis.