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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Insights into Remotely Supervised Neuromodulation Procedure for Phantom Limb Pain
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Clinical updates on phantom limb pain.

Joachim Erlenwein1, Martin Diers2, Jennifer Ernst3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Clinic, University Hospital, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Pain Reports
|January 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phantom limb pain affects up to 80% of amputation patients, often linked to chronic pain risk factors. Early, interdisciplinary management combining therapies is crucial for reducing pain and restoring function.

Keywords:
Acute pain managementAmputationCoanalgesicsRegional analgesiaStump pain

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Area of Science:

  • Pain Medicine
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Phantom limb pain (PLP) affects up to 80% of amputees post-surgery.
  • Multimorbid patients with risk factors for chronic pain are particularly susceptible.
  • Peripheral nerve sectioning and sensorimotor cortex changes contribute to PLP via sensitization and altered body schema.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an interdisciplinary overview of current evidence-based knowledge on phantom limb pain.
  • To synthesize recent clinical findings and best practices in amputation medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent evidence-based and clinical knowledge.
  • Interdisciplinary approach integrating pain medicine, rehabilitation, and surgical perspectives.

Main Results:

  • Scientific evidence for best practices in PLP management is limited.
  • Clinical reports show polypragmatic use of drugs and interventions.
  • Restoring body schema and sensorimotor integration are key; novel approaches like VR and apps supplement mirror therapy.
  • Prosthetic care aids limb function and body schema reshaping.

Conclusions:

  • Preventing and treating severe postoperative pain with early, integrated interventions is essential for reducing PLP.
  • Foresighted surgical planning, technique, and interdisciplinary management are vital for restoring limb function and body schema.