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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
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Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Preparation of Drosophila Polytene Chromosome Squashes for Antibody Labeling
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Whole planarian chromosome squash.

Paul G Barghouth1,2, Néstor J Oviedo1,2,3

  • 1Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA.

STAR Protocols
|January 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a whole planarian chromosome squash technique for analyzing chromosome integrity. The minimally invasive method uses colchicine and acetic-orcein for effective visualization in various experimental conditions.

Keywords:
Model organismsMolecular biology

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Assessing chromosome integrity is crucial for understanding cellular processes and genetic stability.
  • Traditional methods for chromosome analysis can be invasive or unsuitable for certain experimental models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a refined whole planarian chromosome squash protocol.
  • To enable qualitative analysis of chromosome integrity in planarian flatworms.
  • To provide a minimally invasive technique for cytogenetic studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing colchicine to arrest cells at metaphase.
  • Employing acetic-orcein as a stain-fixative for chromosomes.
  • Performing whole mount squash preparations without amputation or tissue puncturing.

Main Results:

  • The method allows for qualitative assessment of chromosome integrity.
  • It is effective for planarians with friable tissues induced by various treatments (drugs, radiation, RNA interference).
  • Facilitates simultaneous analysis in control and experimental groups.

Conclusions:

  • The whole planarian chromosome squash is a valuable, minimally invasive technique for cytogenetic analysis.
  • This protocol enhances the study of chromosomal abnormalities in planarian models.
  • It offers a practical approach for researchers investigating genetic stability and phenotypes.