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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

29.1K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
29.1K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

13.3K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
13.3K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.7K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.7K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

8.5K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
8.5K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

5.3K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
5.3K
Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

11.5K
Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
11.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation
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Propane dehydrogenation: catalyst development, new chemistry, and emerging technologies.

Sai Chen1, Xin Chang1, Guodong Sun1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. jlgong@tju.edu.cn and Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemical Science & Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.

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Efficiently producing propylene via propane dehydrogenation (PDH) requires advanced catalysts. This review explores new technologies and chemistry for catalyst design to improve propane activation and propylene desorption, overcoming key challenges in PDH.

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Area of Science:

  • Petrochemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Propylene is a crucial petrochemical building block.
  • Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is a key industrial technology for direct propylene production.
  • Efficient propane adsorption/activation and propylene desorption on catalysts remain challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the PDH process.
  • To discuss emerging technologies, catalyst development, and new chemistry for PDH.
  • To analyze active sites, reaction pathways, and deactivation mechanisms for catalyst design.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific advances in PDH.
  • Analysis of catalyst structures and their influence on PDH performance.
  • Discussion of reaction mechanisms and deactivation pathways.

Main Results:

  • Recent progress in regulating catalyst structures and inhibiting deactivation.
  • Analysis of factors influencing active sites, reaction pathways, and deactivation mechanisms.
  • Identification of strategies to minimize reaction barriers and enhance propylene selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Further development is needed for efficient PDH over heterogeneous catalysts.
  • Optimizing catalyst design is crucial for minimizing reaction barriers and controlling selectivity.
  • Understanding fundamental aspects of PDH is key to future advancements.