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Polycomb repressor complex 2 function in breast cancer (Review).

Courtney J Martin1, Roger A Moorehead1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.

International Journal of Oncology
|January 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) epigenetically silences genes, and its dysregulation promotes cancer by repressing tumor suppressors. This review details PRC2

Keywords:
polycomb repressor complex 2breast cancerH3K27me3enhancer of zeste homolog 2long non‑coding RNAmiR-200

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression within chromatin.
  • Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) silences genes via histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3).
  • Dysregulated H3K27me3 is linked to tumorigenicity through tumor suppressor gene repression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the core and accessory proteins of the PRC2 complex.
  • To outline mechanisms controlling PRC2 recruitment to H3K27.
  • To summarize PRC2's role in breast cancer and its therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PRC2 function and regulation.
  • Analysis of PRC2's role in breast cancer proliferation, apoptosis, and migration.
  • Exploration of long non-coding RNAs and miR-200 family involvement.

Main Results:

  • PRC2's core and accessory proteins are described.
  • Mechanisms for PRC2 recruitment to H3K27 are outlined.
  • PRC2's involvement in breast cancer progression and potential as a therapeutic target are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • PRC2 plays a critical role in gene silencing and is implicated in breast cancer.
  • Understanding PRC2 regulation and function is key to developing targeted cancer therapies.
  • Long non-coding RNAs and the miR-200 family are potential regulators and therapeutic targets in conjunction with PRC2.