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Related Concept Videos

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Author response to Letter to the Editor by Yang et al. regarding Radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry in total hip arthroplasty: validation and clinical translation.

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An invited rebuttal letter. Author response to: OSIN-D-25-02044: Critical considerations on the article by Bobelyak et al. (2025) "Bone mineral density assessment using radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry (REMS) in patients before and after total hip replacement"; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-025-07685-w.

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Author response to: OSIN-D-25-01882: Concerns regarding "Bone mineral density assessment using radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry (REMS) in patients before and after total hip replacement".

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Assessment of Bone Fracture Healing Using Micro-Computed Tomography
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Decrease in serum calcitriol (but not free 25-hydroxyvitamin D) concentration in hip fracture healing.

J Vaculik1,2,3, L Wenchich4, M Bobelyak1,3

  • 1Orthopedic Department, Bulovka Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
|January 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elderly hip fracture patients experienced significant decreases in serum calcitriol levels post-surgery. These reductions were linked to improved parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and lower vitamin D availability.

Keywords:
CalcitriolFracture healingFree 25 hydroxyvitamin DHip fractureTotal 25 hydroxyvitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Hip fracture is a common and serious condition in the elderly.
  • Vitamin D deficiency and altered calcium metabolism are prevalent in this population.
  • Calcitriol (1,25D) plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and bone health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the changes in serum calcitriol concentrations following hip fracture.
  • To compare these changes with those in patients undergoing elective hip replacement.
  • To identify factors associated with calcitriol level fluctuations after hip fracture.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study comparing elderly patients with hip fracture (HF) and elective hip replacement (EHR).
  • Serum levels of calcitriol, 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured at admission and 7 weeks post-surgery.
  • Bone formation indices were also assessed.

Main Results:

  • 26% of hip fracture patients had low baseline calcitriol levels, which significantly decreased by 7 weeks (p < 0.001).
  • Elective hip replacement patients maintained normal calcitriol levels.
  • Post-fracture calcitriol decrease correlated with increased serum 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D, and decreased PTH.

Conclusions:

  • Hip fracture patients exhibit distinct alterations in vitamin D metabolism compared to elective surgery patients.
  • Decreased calcitriol levels post-hip fracture are associated with the resolution of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
  • Low availability of free 25(OH)D contributes to these observed changes in calcitriol levels.