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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Hearing01:31

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Auditory Pathway01:15

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Aberrant auditory system and its developmental implications for autism.

Luodi Yu1,2, Suiping Wang3,4

  • 1Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.

Science China. Life Sciences
|January 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early auditory processing differences in infants are linked to social communication deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Further research is needed to understand auditory development in autism.

Keywords:
auditory developmentauditory systemautismearly brain developmentinfant learninglanguage developmentspeech processing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Speech and Language Pathology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often characterized by speech and language delays.
  • Auditory development is closely linked to language acquisition but remains under-investigated in ASD research.
  • Early detection of auditory abnormalities is possible in infancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize research on auditory processing from prenatal stages through childhood in typically developing children, those at high risk for ASD, and diagnosed children.
  • To establish the neurobiological and behavioral connections between auditory development and social communication deficits in ASD.
  • To highlight the need for systematic characterization of early auditory development in ASD and identify future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on auditory processing.
  • Comparison of auditory development across three groups: typically developing, high-risk for ASD, and diagnosed with ASD.
  • Analysis of neurobiological and behavioral evidence linking auditory processing to social communication.

Main Results:

  • Abnormal auditory development is demonstrably linked to social communication deficits observed in ASD.
  • Evidence suggests clear neurobiological and behavioral correlations between auditory processing and ASD characteristics.
  • Existing research highlights a gap in understanding early auditory development within the context of ASD.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal auditory development is a significant factor associated with social communication challenges in autism spectrum disorder.
  • There is a critical need for systematic investigation into early auditory development in infants and children with ASD.
  • Future research should focus on characterizing auditory processing trajectories to inform early intervention strategies for ASD.