Gemigliptin suppresses salivary dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Patients with diabetes commonly experience hyposalivation, which induces discomfort in eating, swallowing, dryness, smell, and speaking, as well as increases the incidence of periodontal disease. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors are frequently used as antidiabetic drugs that lower glucose levels by utilizing similar mechanisms; however, additional protective functions of each gliptin have been discovered. In this study, the protective roles of gemigliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, against salivary dysfunction under diabetic conditions were investigated. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received gemigliptin 10 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg via oral gavage for 3 weeks. The weights of salivary gland tissues, saliva secretion, and antioxidant capacity in salivary glands were reduced after diabetes induction, but were significantly preserved following gemigliptin treatment. In salivary gland analysis, expression of apoptotic proteins, as well as amylase and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) protein expression, were increased following gemigliptin treatment. Furthermore, the number of TUNEL-positive cells decreased after gemigliptin treatment. Therefore, gemigliptin has protective roles against salivary dysfunction observed in diabetes, mediated via antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and salivary secretion mechanisms. These results may help in selecting a suitable drug for patients with diabetes experiencing salivary dysfunction.