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Related Concept Videos

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Drug Classes and Categories01:25

Drug Classes and Categories

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Drugs can be classified according to their chemical composition or their intended therapeutic application. For instance, anti-infective agents that possess the ability to eliminate pathogens or suppress their growth and reproduction can be grouped based on the organisms they target or their chemical structure. Furthermore, drugs can be divided into prescription, nonprescription, or controlled substances. Prescription medications, such as antibiotics, require oversight from a licensed healthcare...
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Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

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The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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COVID-19: Characteristics and Therapeutics.

Rameswari Chilamakuri1, Saurabh Agarwal1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA.

Cells
|January 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This review covers severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), detailing its structure, infection mechanisms, epidemiology, and clinical aspects. It also explores COVID-19 treatments, clinical trials, and vaccine development strategies.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2coronavirusepidemiologypandemicspike proteintherapeuticsvaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Virology and Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to millions of deaths globally and significant socioeconomic disruption.
  • Despite increased understanding, effective treatments and vaccines were urgently needed to combat the pandemic.
  • The rapid spread necessitated a comprehensive review of the virus and potential countermeasures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a succinct overview of SARS-CoV-2 structure, infection mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical manifestations.
  • To systematize various treatment strategies and clinical trials initiated during the pandemic.
  • To review novel pharmacological interventions and vaccine development against COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications and clinical trial data.
  • Systematic organization of information on viral structure, infection pathways, and disease progression.
  • Analysis of reported treatment efficacy and vaccine development progress.

Main Results:

  • Overview of SARS-CoV-2 characteristics, including its molecular structure and infection mechanisms.
  • Summary of COVID-19 epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical presentations.
  • Compilation of data on ongoing clinical trials, pharmacological interventions, and vaccine efficacy (e.g., Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna).

Conclusions:

  • The pandemic has accelerated research into coronaviruses, infection mechanisms, and drug repurposing.
  • Development of effective vaccines and treatments is crucial for managing the current and future outbreaks.
  • Continued investigation into novel therapeutic strategies and drug discovery is essential.