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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Molecular Biomarker Testing for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Therapeutic Sequencing in ALK+ NSCLC.

Mei Elsayed1, Petros Christopoulos1,2

  • 1Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Second-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are now standard for ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Research focuses on managing resistance, optimizing therapies, and developing novel treatments for improved survival.

Keywords:
ALK+ non-small-cell lung cancerEML4-ALK fusion variant 3, chemotherapysequential therapiestyrosine kinase inhibitors

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Oncogenic Gene Fusion Detection Using Anchored Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Followed by Next Generation Sequencing
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Area of Science:

  • Thoracic oncology
  • Precision medicine
  • Molecular diagnostics

Background:

  • Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (ALK + NSCLC) serves as a paradigm for targeted therapy.
  • Second-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), namely alectinib and brigatinib, have replaced crizotinib as first-line treatments due to superior efficacy.
  • Lorlatinib and brigatinib are preferred second-line options for specific progression scenarios based on clinical trial data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current treatment strategies for ALK + NSCLC.
  • To highlight the importance of rebiopsies for managing resistance.
  • To discuss emerging challenges and future directions in ALK + NSCLC therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pivotal clinical trials (ALEX, ALTA-1L) and phase II studies.
  • Analysis of resistance mechanisms, including off-target alterations and anatomically restricted progression.
  • Discussion of diagnostic advancements like ctDNA assays and future therapeutic modalities.

Main Results:

  • Second-generation TKIs demonstrate superior efficacy over crizotinib in first-line ALK + NSCLC.
  • Rebiopsies are crucial for identifying resistance mechanisms and guiding subsequent treatment.
  • Specific genetic alterations (e.g., MET, HER2, KRAS, EML4-ALK variant 3, TP53) impact treatment outcomes and require tailored strategies.

Conclusions:

  • ALK + NSCLC management has evolved with the advent of next-generation TKIs.
  • Personalized treatment approaches incorporating rebiopsy data and addressing resistance are essential.
  • Future research should focus on developing more potent TKIs, novel therapies like cell therapies, and advanced monitoring techniques for improved patient outcomes.